Primary and secondary education

How is South African primary and secondary education organised? To which Dutch diplomas can you compare South African diplomas?

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Primary and secondary education in South Africa

Primary education lastst 7 years. Secondary education lasts 6 years. Students can complete the following phases:

  • lower primary education (foundation phase);
  • upper primary education (intermediate phase);
  • lower secondary education (senior phase); and
  • upper secondary education (Further Education and Training, FET).

Primary education and lower secondary education are collectively called General Education and Training (GET).

Lower primary education

  • : 4 years (grade 0-3). Grade 0 is also referred to as Reception year or grade R.
  • Content: education in this phase focuses on basic skills such as reading, writing and arithmetic, and the development of language skills. From grade 3 onwards, it is mandatory to take another approved language in addition to their language of education. All 11 official languages may be taken as the home language, first additional language and second additional language. These terms indicate the various level gradations for languages in the South African education system.

Upper primary education

  • Duration: 3 years (grade 4-6).
  • Content: the focus in this phase is more on reading and speaking skills in the home language as well as in the second language. From grade 4 onwards, education is exclusively in English and Afrikaans. The pupils also study mathematics, history, geography, general sciences and handicrafts.

Lower secondary education

Lower secondary education lasts 3 years (grade 7-9) and is aimed at students aged 13-15. At the end of this phase, a pupil is no longer required to attend school.

Upper secondary education

Upper secondary education lasts 3 years (grade 10-12). Students aged 16 to 19 choose:

  • general upper secondary education, which is concluded with exams for a National Senior Certificate (NSC); or
  • vocational upper secondary education. Among other things, students can obtain the National Certificate. Because we rarely see vocational upper secondary education diplomas, we do not describe them on this web page.

National Senior Certificate (NSC)

General upper secondary education is concluded with exams for a National Senior Certificate (NSC).

  • Duration: 3 years.
  • Inhoud: 7 subjects. Students follow 4 compulsory subjects (2 languages, mathematics and life orientation) and choose 3 electives. They can choose the electives from a list of nationally approved subjects .
  • Function of the diploma: access to higher education if the student has achieved study results that meet the minimum admission requirements of Higher Certificate, (National) Diploma and/or bachelor's programmes. For more information, see Secondary Education study results.
  • Diploma: a National Senior Certificate (NSC), issued by Umalusi. Please note: on the diploma it is mentioned if the student has met the minimum admission requirements of Higher Certificate, (National) Diploma and/or bachelor's programmes.

We compare a National Senior Certificate to a diploma if it is mentioned on the diploma that the student has met the minimum admission requirements of Higher Certificate, (National) Diploma and/or bachelor's programmes.

We compare a National Senior Certificate to at least a HAVO diploma if:

  • the student has taken the exams via the Independent Examinations Board (IEB); and
  • it is mentioned on the diploma that the student has met the minimum admission requirements of Higher Certificate, (National) Diploma and/or bachelor's programmes.

Please note: 'at least a HAVO diploma' means that the diploma has a higher level than a HAVO diploma, but a lower level than a diploma. The level of the diploma lies between a HAVO diploma and a VWO diploma.